L'articolo If the next pope is European, he might be from Southern Europe. Or Italian, or Portuguese, or Spanish. The wind of providence will inevitably blow in the direction of the Mediterranean dimension of Europe. Lest we begin to call it EurAfrica proviene da Bubble report.

The ball is now in the court of the President of the European Parliament, Roberta Metsola, who can now decide whether to inform the plenary of the outcome of the vote on the report, which is only advisory, during the next plenary session. Once this step has been completed, the Legal Affairs Committee can report its conclusions orally to the plenary. The President now also has the option of bringing an action before the Court of Justice of the European Union on behalf of the Parliament, in accordance with the recommendation of the committee responsible. Metsola may also put the decision to bring an action to a vote in Parliament. If the President intends to depart from the recommendation of the Committee on Legal Affairs, she shall inform the committee and refer the matter to the Conference of Presidents. If the Conference of Presidents also considers that Parliament should not submit observations or intervene before the Court of Justice, the matter may be put to a final vote in plenary.

L'articolo Parliament rebels against its exclusion from the European Commission’s emergency procedure to approve RearmEU. The European Parliament’s Legal Affairs Committee (JURI) rejects the idea, arguing that the requirements for urgency are not met proviene da Bubble report.

Europe without America? If the United States turns off the lights, we’ll keep working

Italy, together with Great Britain and Japan, is working on the construction of a sixth-generation fighter plane that will surpass the American F-35 and the Russian Sukhoi Su-57 or T-50. This is not just about hypotheticals or war games. Christophe Gomart, former head of French military intelligence and now an EPP MEP, has sounded a very real alarm: “If the U.S. were to attack Greenland, no European country would be able to send its F-35s to defend it because these jets are equipped with a blocking system that would prevent them from flying unless the flight plan was approved by the Pentagon.” Donald Trump’s allies feel like subjects and want to emancipate themselves. France is working with Germany and Spain on the superplane of the near future. Gomart has highlighted the dilemmas and defense projects in the era of America First. And they also reveal the other side of the moon: on the one hand, two planes that are, all things considered, similar, one Anglo-Italian-Japanese and one French, each costing billions of euros that fall on the taxpayers of four national budgets; on the other hand, instead, a single flying machine, a single budget and the richest taxpayers in the world. This is the thread that leads us on our tortuous journey through the labyrinth of the waged war, which today is no longer a war game. A dark war also because the friends of the past can even become new enemies. Those who say “yes to the common defense, no to national rearmament” are right in theory, but in the meantime, unfortunately, we can’t ignore rearmament until there is (if there ever is) a United States of Europe. An army of the Old Continent, without Americans, can only be composed of national contingents, just like the Atlantic Alliance, which has no armies, but 18,000 officers at all levels and from all member countries; What unites them is a clear chain of command and, above all, the definition of the common enemy, of the objective to be achieved, of the strategy to be adopted, in short, the “politics by other means” of General Carl von Clausewitz, whose teachings the Russians and the Ukrainians, both great-grandchildren of Lenin, have drunk, the former with their wasteful offensive war and the latter with an effective defensive war.

The new strategic doctrine

The invasion of Ukraine came as a shock even to the military high command. After the end of the Cold War, any manual of good military practice would have stated that ground combat with men sent to their deaths, tanks, guns, ambushes, sieges, carpet bombing, the destruction of cities, in short, as in the Second World War, was a thing of the past. Take battle tanks: it was believed that there was no longer any need for them, and production was stopped, at least until the Russian annexation of Crimea awoke the military elites from their long sleep, while the politicians continued to sleep and deceive their electorates. Today, Donald Trump mocks Europe and NATO because they don’t have offensive military forces. But who wanted that if not the United States?  Those who did military service in Europe, even at a low level, were indoctrinated with a very simple principle: in the event of a Soviet attack (at that time the USSR was still aggressive and preparing to invade Afghanistan), one must resist for a few hours until the NATO counteroffensive began and the warheads hidden in the belly of the Alps were armed. Italy, a defeated country, could do nothing else. But the same was true for West Germany, which was even more exposed because it was divided by the Warsaw Pact with a real Iron Curtain. Well, all this no longer applies, so the strategists with stars and stripes went back to writing manuals, and even the Americans had to revise their doctrine based on asymmetric conflicts. After all, after their defeat in Vietnam, they only had to flex their muscles in Grenada (a small Caribbean island), Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq (twice), countries that certainly weren’t military powers, and yet Uncle Sam suffered resounding defeats.

On September 11, 2001, with the attack on the Twin Towers (successful) and the White House (failed), the United States discovered that it was neither invulnerable nor safe between two great oceans (whatever Trump may say), but its enemy was obscure, hidden in the desert sands or in the Casbah, no longer in Moscow and not yet in Beijing. Therefore, the art of war must be revised, partly by looking at history, partly by imagining the future realistically and without illusions. Even those who want a universal cosmopolitan peace need to take a reality check. Where do we start? With what we have. 

One command, many armies

The European Union is certainly not short of documents, acronyms and abbreviations. The ESDP (European Security and Defense Policy) was born with a solemn declaration in 2002 and gradually generated the strategic compass that intersects with NATO’s Strategic Concept, both in 2022 after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the most serious threat to Euro-Atlantic security in decades. The EU has its own military apparatus and summits, but the doctrine is that European defense is complementary to that of the Atlantic Alliance. Madeline Albright, then Secretary of State under Bill Clinton (between 1997 and 2001), came up with the principle of the “three Ds”. The first is discrimination, in the sense that any behavior by a country or group of countries that is not shared by the other allies must be avoided. The second D is duplication of commands and structures. The third, decoupling, refers to the strategic autonomy of a European army. This is the knot that needs to be untied today in order to defend Ukraine and the whole of Europe, because strategic priorities no longer coincide since Trump has been in the White House. It is not even true that the EU needs unanimity to move forward. The Lisbon Treaty provides for enhanced cooperation. Moreover, a union of concentric circles already exists, and the euro area can be flanked by a defense area even more open than the monetary one; nine countries say they are ready, starting with France, Germany, the Netherlands, the Baltic and Scandinavian countries. Europe, that is all the countries united under the banner of the Union, must be able to defend itself and face the threats that may appear on its doorstep: a responsibility that can no longer be delegated to others. Today, the NATO summit is composed of an Italian, Admiral Giuseppe Cavo Dragone, who presides over the military committee, an American, who, as always, is the supreme commander, General Christopher Cavoli, and a Frenchman as his deputy, Admiral Pierre Vandier. In the case of a European command, rotation will be necessary, as it is at the top of the EU. According to those who have worked in NATO commands, there is no shortage of disagreements and tensions between officers with many stars, but the diatribes have always been more political than military. The armies of European countries have already conducted their own operations, alone or with others, especially in Africa, the Middle East or the Balkans (France and Italy in Mali come to mind), and the armed forces of the various states are by no means unprepared.  The five big players in European defense (the E5 group, in Brussels jargon) are the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy and Poland.

The return of the conscripts

A hypothetical Baltic war following a Russian invasion would require 1,400 tanks, 2,000 infantry fighting vehicles, 700 artillery pieces, one million 155-millimeter shells for the first three months, and 2,000 long-range drones per day, more than the French, British, Italian, and German forces combined. Another 300,000 troops would be needed, according to the report by the Brugel Think Tank and the Kiehl Institute, especially if Washington withdraws its troops. The report’s co-author, Alexandr Burilkov, told Euronews that these would be recruited in part through “compulsory conscription and supported by large and well-trained reserves,” similar to the American National Guard.

It won’t be easy; the aging of the population has also aged the armies, and conscription doesn’t attract young people. Germany has enormous problems, and Italy is not far behind. All this talk of peace can change in the heat of danger, as Ukraine teaches us. The illusion of universal peace, or at least peace in a “flat” post-Cold War world, has accelerated the partial dismantling of armies and the end of conscription. Things are better in the Scandinavian countries, where there is mostly permanent training and where Russian invasion is a constant danger, as in Finland, Poland, the Czech Republic, the countries with the largest armies, especially in relation to the population. The London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies stresses that European militaries are under stress. The shortage of personnel at all levels threatens to prevent normal administration, let alone emergency situations. The armies are preparing, but in many cases it will be necessary to reintroduce conscription. And it’s not just a question of quantity, but also of preparation and morale, the human factors that are always fundamental and today more than ever.

Butter and cannons

An increase in defense capabilities is destined to absorb enormous public and private resources. A change has already taken place in the last two years: in 2024, spending by European NATO countries has increased and is now 50% higher than in 2014, when Russia annexed Crimea and alarm bells rang that the United States and the European Union did not want to hear. Today, according to the London Institute, the Old Continent has become the driving force behind the growth in defense spending. Who pays? Debt is a serious problem, it is also a problem for the United States (its high level of indebtedness to the rest of the world was a consequence of its hegemonic role, today it is an Achilles’ heel), not to mention countries like France, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Greece, Malta, etc. … One could say that the debt is greater than the Russian heel. Every war has been fought on the basis of debt, either because we think we shouldn’t fight to defend our values, or because we should rack our brains to figure out how to pay for peace. Meanwhile, it’s not just a question of spending; defense is an economic and industrial driver, it can give a boost to stagnant production and help sectors in crisis, such as the automobile industry. In Germany, there is talk of converting a Volkswagen plant for defense purposes. The same could happen in Italy with the Stellantis factories, which will not be saturated even with the return of the internal combustion engine. Research and development now accounts for a third of total defense spending, up from 15 percent a decade ago. But we are only filling the hole left by the cuts since 2009. Much more needs to be done. There are countries like Germany that can spend without creating inflation and without compromising the welfare state. But national budgets and the meager EU budget are not enough. Mario Draghi has revived the idea of issuing European bonds to be placed on a financial market that is still huge and looking for profitable investments. Ukraine is also a dramatic financial test case. The EU, together with the United Kingdom, Norway, Switzerland and Iceland, has provided 134 billion euros, more than the United States (119 billion euros), 49 billion went to the Ukrainian armed forces (but the commitments made amount to 72.2 billion); Kaja Kallas, the EU’s foreign and security policy chief, has asked for another 40 billion from “willing” countries.

The new military-industrial complex

The European defense industry is neither small nor backward, but above all it is fragmented and divided along national lines. In the ranking of the main groups, BAE Systems (formerly British Aerospace) ranks first, sixth in the world after the American Big Five (Lockheed Martin, RTX, Northrop, Boeing, General Dynamics), with a turnover about half that of Lockheed. Then there are three Chinese companies.

Leonardo (Italian), thirteenth in the world, leads the EU patrol, followed by Airbus (Franco-German-Spanish), Thales (French), Rheinmetall (German), Dassault (French), Naval and Safran (also French), Saab (Swedish), KNDS (Dutch) and Fincantieri (Italian). Italy also has a key position because Leonardo has formed joint ventures and collaborations that extend as far as the United States, where it owns Drs (information technology). To create a continental system, it is necessary to promote “industrial synergies by concentrating developments on common military platforms (aircraft, ships, land vehicles, satellites),” according to Draghi. European countries are still too dependent on the United States for important aspects of their military capabilities: anti-aircraft artillery, missiles, air cover, intelligence. Although they have invested heavily since 2022 to close the gap: 52% of these combat systems are now supplied by European companies, only 34% by American companies, which have concentrated on vehicles, long-range surface-to-air missiles, intelligence, surveillance, aircraft and guided missiles. The British are even talking about excluding the Americans from Five Eyes, the Western surveillance system that also includes Australia, Canada and New Zealand, but the retaliation is purely emotional. On the contrary, European access must be guaranteed on an equal footing; despite Trump, the US is a “fellow human being who makes mistakes”. Draghi recalled that between 2020 and 2024, the United States will supply two-thirds of the defense systems imported by European NATO members. Drones, but also artificial intelligence, data processing, electronic warfare, space and satellites: the old continent’s groups are there, but they are playing catch-up. The most sensitive issue is nuclear deterrence. Emmanuel Macron has come out in favor of making the force de frappe available, the British have moved closer to the EU but remain on the outside. Here, too, there is a need to unite without knowing how.

Heaven, earth and sea

Europe has a long way to go to ensure its security. There are several satellite systems, most notably those of Eutelsat (which acquired OneWeb in 2022) and SES, which is acquiring Intelsat. They are mostly based on reliable geostationary satellites, but they travel at 36,000 kilometers and have a higher latency compared to low-orbit satellites (400 kilometers) like Starlink: the signal arrives after a third of a second, which can be an eternity in combat. The EU has launched the IRIS 2 program, which will not be operational until around 2030. In addition to Eutelsat and SES, Airbus Defense & Space, Thales Alenia Space, Telespazio, Hispasat and Hisdesat are also competing. Although it has the technology, such as the Franco-Italian Samp T, which is as good as the Patriot, Europe doesn’t have adequate protection against missile attacks. We’ve already mentioned the pointless competition for the sixth-generation fighter-bomber. Today, the F-35 (American, even if European industries contribute to its production for about a third) is the most effective aircraft, superior to the French Rafale and the Eurofighter (Anglo-Italian-German). Russia has always focused on submarine warfare, where Germany once excelled. Europe has some excellent submarines, such as the British Vanguard armed with ballistic missiles, but only 4 nuclear submarines compared to Russia’s 11. Fincantieri, after a long period of cooperation with Germany, is now involved in the construction of the fourth new-generation submarine. Italy’s real specialty (shared with France) is in multi-mission frigates, the real protagonists of surface combat. This is an example of virtuous cooperation as in missiles, in the production of chips with STM, in electronics where Leonardo is in a triangle with the British BAE and the French Thales. The Italian group has signed an agreement with Rheinmetall for new armored vehicles for the Italian army. Germany has returned to the production of tanks, war machines that had made it famous and now seemed useless.

Cycles and recurrences, let’s re-read Giambattista Vico, including his anticipatory intuition on the role of technology and knowledge. At this point, we can only turn the question around: can Europe win without America? Obviously not. But can America win without Europe, or rather, can it win without the Old Continent, to which it has sold not only its products and its debts, but also its culture? This is a rhetorical question for us, and the answer is no, but we’ll leave it open for readers attracted by the allure of a new Yalta. Then US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt returned to Washington and said it had been a success, but the real winner was Stalin. History could repeat itself, and not as a farce.

L'articolo The Old Continent is divided between reluctant rearmers and confused pacifists. We have technology and soldiers, but without unified planning we remain geopolitical dwarfs. Europe lacks many ingredients to be strong, such as a unified command, a comprehensive and effective information system at all levels, a missile defense system like Israel’s Iron Dome, and an industrial chain that combines competition and convergence. But most importantly, it lacks the will to change the treaties to a fixed common debt and to increase democratic representation with a European constitution that allows for the direct election of the Commission President and more powers for the Parliament, including the right of initiative and the motions of confidence and censure. Of course, Europe and America will always be two sides of the same coin proviene da Bubble report.

L'articolo Lady Ursula’s plan for European rearmament is the usual German delaying tactic: each state will put up the money for itself, a little from the EIB, a little from some other fund with a fancy name, and then we’ll see who survives. Of course, even with the separation of military spending from that great idiocy called ‘Stability and Growth Pact’, the heavily indebted states won’t be able to do much more than they’ve been doing. Nobody is talking about serious matters: if we really want Europe to become a credible political subject, we have to start by changing the treaties in a framework that includes the United Kingdom proviene da Bubble report.

The Qatargate investigation continues and is expanding to include new names. The Federal Prosecutor’s Office confirmed to the Belgian newspaper Le Soir on Tuesday that it had requested the lifting of the parliamentary immunity of two MEPs and that these requests would be announced on Monday by President Roberta Metsola at the opening of a new plenary session, as required by procedure.

In this case, according to our sources, it is a question of lifting the immunity of two Italian MEPs from the Socialist and Democratic Group (S&D), whose names have emerged in the case of corruption and foreign interference in the European Parliament. Contacted, the S&D group did not respond.

The first is Alessandra Moretti. Reportedly close to the mastermind of the affair, Antonio Panzeri, Ms. Moretti has always denied any involvement in the case. The Italian visited Qatar, including a stadium construction site for the future World Cup, with Belgian Marc Tarabella. She also spoke during a meeting of the Parliamentary Committee on Human Rights at the heart of the case: the hearing by this committee, then chaired by Marie Arena, of the Qatari Minister of Labor Ali bin Samikh Al Marri on November 14, 2022. The alleged briber in the “Qatar” part of the case. Mrs. Moretti had addressed a question to the Minister in which she mentioned the last World Cup in Russia, which is interesting because a few seconds earlier, Antonio Panzeri had given his orders by telephone to his former assistant and right-hand man, Francesco Giorgi, who was present in the room: “Listen, have her make a statement saying: “But I didn’t see all this interest four years ago when she was in Russia.”

When contacted, Ms. Moretti and Ms. Gualmini did not immediately respond at the time of publication. A spokeswoman for the European Parliament declined to confirm our information, but reiterated that the procedure to lift immunity in no way affects the presumption of innocence. According to the procedure, the public prosecutor’s office asks the Parliament’s Bureau to lift the protection. Ms. Metsola will announce these requests at the opening of the next plenary session and then forward the files to the Legal Affairs Committee (JURI). The Committee will examine the files and the MEPs concerned will have the opportunity to be heard by the Committee in camera. Finally, the possible waiver of immunity has to be voted on in plenary. The whole procedure therefore takes several weeks.

The waiver of immunity allows the Public Prosecutor’s Office to formally prosecute the Members and, at a later stage, to request a possible referral to the Criminal Court.

L'articolo The Qatargate had dissolved in a soap bubble also due to the lack of credibility of the Prosecutor who originally dealt with the case. But there’s nothing to be done, the trawling starts again: accusations are once again being made against two Italian S&D MEPs. S&D is the group that most often uses moralism for political ends and that has been intransigent in the reform of the Parliament, limiting the freedom of mandate of European MEPs and turning them into a kind of automaton. The problem is the separation of legislative and judicial powers. In these times of chaos, it should be pointed out to the European left that in the race to be the purest, there is always someone purer who will purge you proviene da Bubble report.

A certain European left, as usual, confuses form with substance. Some would say that form is substance, but we have to look at certain phenomena objectively: it’s childish to talk about a difference between Atlanticism and the West, because they are two sides of the same coin. Screaming about the fascist danger when talking about Trump is pointless, also because in the United States there is a constitution with solid checks and balances that still exists. Trump’s attempt to separate the Russians from the Chinese, however belated, has its raison d’être from his point of view. For many years, the United States has been asking Europe to make a greater financial and political commitment to defense. This does not contradict, but rather reinforces, the need for Europe to play a more prominent role on the international stage. It also reinforces the idea of a common European defense, which can only develop as an integral part of the Atlantic Alliance. But to do this, we need to start again in the spirit of the post-war treaties. We had 80 years to build a state and we didn’t succeed. And yet the friendship between the peoples of the continent has grown. 

Of course, to do this, we must have the courage to start again from the one thing that should unite the peoples of Europe as one people: God. 

As is done in the best constitutional traditions of the West. 

Here is an example of what the preamble of a new European constitution would sound like, following the example of the Swiss constitution: 

In the name of Almighty God!
The peoples and states of Europe,
Conscious of their responsibility for the creation
Resolved to renew their alliance in order to strengthen freedom, democracy, independence and peace in a spirit of solidarity and openness to the world
Determined to live together in mutual consideration and respect for their diversity
Conscious of their common achievements and of their responsibilities towards future generations
and in the knowledge that only those who exercise their freedom remain free, and that the strength of a people is measured by the well-being of its most vulnerable members.

L'articolo A ridiculous European radical chic left: they cry out against Trump’s fascism and come up with new arguments that don’t hold water. They have invented a new difference: on the one hand Atlanticism and on the other hand the West, as if the EU wasn’t the fruit of the Atlantic relationship. They don’t understand that the number one problem of the USA has only one name: China. And therefore, from their point of view, it makes sense to try to separate Russia from China. So the EU has an opportunity to finally become a real political entity with the Brits in it proviene da Bubble report.

L'articolo BUBBLEFLASH – The mystery of the MEGA hats delivered to all MEPs in Brussels: who could have sent the funny gadget? And for what reason? The name refers to the movement conceived by Elon Musk to expand MAGA to Europe. Perhaps this is a sign that anticipates some move that could come soon proviene da Bubble report.

L'articolo Finally, someone is trying to feed the soul of Europe. Thanks to the initiative of ECR MEP Carlo Ciccioli, an exhibition on Frederick II has been opened in the European Parliament. proviene da Bubble report.

“Let NATO and the EU be two institutions working in parallel, and the first steps are in the right direction. It is necessary to think about defense not only from the military aspect, but also including social and diplomatic interventions. In this aspect, the Parliament can be very helpful”. This was said by Forza Italia MEP and President of the Delegation for relations with the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, Salvatore De Meo, during his hearing with NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte.

“It is necessary to emphasize this awareness, so that investment in defense is not only seen as an obligation, but there is an awareness that it is a means to be able to improve not only defensive capabilities, but also social welfare.

NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte said it was an illusion to believe that it would be possible to create a European NATO “for ideological reasons” in the next decade.

“As far as a more autonomous European defense is concerned, it would be great to have some kind of European NATO, but in that case it’s not 2% (of GDP to be spent on defense), it’s 8, 9 or 10% that’s needed (…). It will take 15 to 20 years to build a European NATO without the United States,” he told MEPs. He pointed out that the United States spends “more than 60% of all the money spent on NATO territory. According to Mr. Rutte, “it is an illusion to think that you can build a European NATO in the next 10 to 15 years. Mr. Rutte said he was opposed to such a project of a NATO without the United States, and also said he was convinced that the United States would remain an ally despite the Trump administration’s threat to leave the alliance.

Asked about defense spending, the secretary general pointed out that 2% was not enough and said the allies would work on the issue with the aim of reaching an agreement in June, before the summit in The Hague. “We need to spend better, we need to do joint procurement, we need to innovate, but we also need to spend more. If spending doesn’t go up, (you should) take Russian language courses or go to New Zealand,” he added.

And while the Europeans are still discussing the EDIP program and eligibility criteria, the Secretary General warned against creating new barriers between the Allies. “We must avoid creating new barriers between Allies, which means additional costs and difficulties in production. We must involve the other Allies, and cooperation in this area is becoming increasingly fundamental,” he warned, stressing the need for complementarity.

Mr. Rutte also highlighted efforts to bring NATO closer to the EU with the creation of a task force, adding that in these “troubled times in terms of security” it was necessary to strengthen cooperation.

“We must act, we must invest much more in defense, in defense capacity, in strengthening our resilience, in continuing our support for Ukraine to turn the situation around and to prevent further Russian aggression,” Rutte concluded. 

A retreat to prepare for the future. At the same time, the President of the European Council, António Costa, formally invited European leaders to an informal retreat on European defense on February 3 at the Château de Limont (Belgium). Rutte will attend the luncheon and British Prime Minister Keir Starmer will attend the dinner.

“The purpose of this meeting is to prepare the ground for the decisions we will have to take and to give guidance to the Commission and the High Representative in their preparation of a White Paper on the future of European defense,” Costa said in his invitation letter.

The President intends to base the discussion on two principles: the fact that the EU must take greater responsibility for its own defense “in order to become more resilient, more effective, more autonomous and a more reliable security and defense actor”; and the common interest in closer cooperation at European level “to maximize economies of scale and reduce costs, to ensure interoperability, to ensure stable and long-term demand – to give more predictability to our industry – and to avoid duplication”. The discussion will focus in particular on defense financing.

To structure the discussion, the President posed a series of questions to his counterparts. He wants to know which defense capabilities should be developed as a priority and how they should be defined, given their importance for the EU’s collective security.

“Do we agree to spend more and better together? How can we accelerate the mobilization of private funding and through which EU instruments? How can we best use the EU budget in the short, medium and long term? Given the significant financing needs, what additional joint options can be considered?

Finally, Mr. Costa wants to know how to further strengthen and deepen existing partnerships and what the objectives and priorities should be with European partners outside the EU.

Defense will be discussed again at the European Council in March, in particular from the point of view of financing, and in June in a broader context with a view to developing a strategy.

L'articolo Yesterday we published an article explaining that one of the causes of the halving of Europe’s influence on the stock markets is the lack of a unified European defense. A message that has now been clarified and reiterated by, among others, the President of the European Council, António Costa, the Vice-President of the European Commission, Stéphane Séjourné, and the MEP and Chair of the Delegation for relations with the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, Salvatore De Meo. This nicely sums up a hypothesis that is beginning to circulate among the palaces in Brussels in order to avoid a trade war with the U.S. and to calm their anger over Germany’s and China’s structural current account surpluses at the expense of the U.S. economy. That is, common European debt for common defense proviene da Bubble report.

L'articolo BUBBLEFLASH – The Council of European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) has just elected former Polish Prime Minister and PiS leader Mateusz Morawiecki as its president, succeeding Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni. The head of the FDI delegation in the European Parliament, Carlo Fidanza, is one of the three vice-presidents of the ECR, the others being Marion Marechal of France and George Simion of Romania proviene da Bubble report.